iii. Minimum Standards for Specific Procedures
About the Reader
Section I Introduction to International Refugee Law: Background and Context
1. History of Population Movements: Migrants, Immigrants, Internally Displaced Persons, and Refugees
a. The Concepts
b. The Theories
c. The Actual Movements
2. The Legal and Institutional Framework for Refugee Protection
a. The Evolution of the International Refugee Regime
b. The Universal Standard: the 1951 Geneva Convention Refugee Definition and the Statute of the UNHCR
c. Contemporary Alternative Refugee Definitions
i. Africa
ii. Latin America
iii. Europe
d. Institutions and Actors in International Law Relevant to Refugee Protection
3. Overview of National Legal Framework, Institutions, and Actors
a. The Interface Between International Law and National Law
b. Comparing National Systems
Section II International Framework for Refugee Protection
1. Principles and Concepts of Refugee Protection
a. Asylum
b. Non-refoulement
c. Non-discrimination
d. Family Unity
e. Durable Solutions
f. International Cooperation
2. The 1951 Geneva Convention
a. Historical Context
i. Prior Definitions: Group Specific; Geographically and Temporally Limited
ii. 1951 Geneva Convention: Universal Applicability; Optional Geographical and Temporal Limits
iii. Expansion via the 1967 Protocol
b. Definition
i. Alienage
(a) Outside the Country of Nationality
(b) Owing to Fear Is Unable or Unwilling to Avail Self of Protection of Country of Nationality
(c) Dual or Multiple Nationality
(d) Stateless
ii. Well-founded Fear
iii. Persecution
(a) Acts of Persecution
(b) Agents of Persecution
iv. Five Grounds: Race, Religion, Nationality, Social Group, Political Opinion
c. Groups with Special Needs
i. Women
ii. Children
iii. Elderly
d. Exclusion from Convention Refugee Status
e. Internal Protection Alternative
f. Reception
g. Detention
h. Recognition as a Refugee
i. Procedures
ii. Establishing the Facts
(a) Standards of Proof
(b) Credibility
(c) Special Issues
i. Rights and Obligations of Refugees
j. Cessation of Refugee Status
3. Other Forms and Instruments of Protection
a. Universal Human Rights Instruments
i. Universal Declaration of Human Rights; The UN International Convenant for Civil and Political Rights
ii. The UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
iii. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
iv. The Geneva Conventions and Protocols: Minimum Standards in Times of War
b. Special Forms of Protection: Subsidiary Protection and Humanitarian Status
c. Temporary Protection
Section III European Framework for Refugee Protection
1. The Council of Europe and Refugee Protection
a. Legal and Policy Framework for Refugee Protection
b. The European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
2. The European Union
a. The Evolving EU Acquis on Asylum
i. European Integration and Asylum
ii. The Institutional and Legal Framework for European Refugee Protection
b. European Refugee Protection: Practices and Policies
i. Access to Territory
(a) International and Regional Legal Framework
(b) Visas
(c) Carrier Sanctions
(d) Interception and Rescue at Sea
(e) Extraterritorial Immigration Control
ii. Refugee Status Determination Procedures
(a) Access to Procedures
i. Responsibility: The Dublin System
ii. Safe Third Country
(b) Harmonizing the Definition and the Determination Procedures
i. Harmonization of the 1951 Geneva Convention Refugee Definition
ii. Minimum Standards for Normal Procedures
iii. Minimum Standards for Specific Procedures
a. Accelerated and Manifestly Unfounded Procedures
b. Safe Country of Origin
iii. Minimum Standards for Reception Conditions
iv. Other Forms of Protection
v. Leaving Territory
(a) Return Policies
(b) Readmission Agreements
vi. Co-operation and Responsibility/Burden-Sharing
(a) European Refugee Fund
Section IV UNHCR and Other Actors Relevant to International Asylum Law
1. UNHCR
2. Other Agencies and Their Interaction
iii. Minimum Standards for Specific Procedures
a. Accelerated and Manifestly Unfounded Procedures
b. Safe Country of Origin
About the Reader
